Why is salt water salty - May 29, 2023 · Yes, it is! Salt water, which is also an alkaline water, is rich in minerals like magnesium, zinc, iron and potassium. These minerals can help reduce inflammation, protect our skin and heal any scrapes, cuts or sores. Salt water can also help enhance the flow of lymph fluid, which can reduce the appearance of cellulite.

 
According to the Shout Slogans website, a catchy slogan for sodium is “Sodium, unlike Na-thing else.” This is a good slogan because it references sodium’s molecular formula, Na. An.... The killing of a sacred der

Changes in ocean salinity change can be used to estimate changes in Earth’s water cycle, because salinity variations very sensitively reflect the net exchange of freshwater between the ocean and the atmosphere. “Evaporation takes freshwater from the ocean into the atmosphere and increases the ocean salinity; precipitation puts …ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES: Students pour water over the rock salt which is contained in a strainer. The water plus dissolved salt will be collected in a plastic cup. Students will taste the water sample. Students will allow the water to evaporate, observing that the salt remains. The above procedure is repeated over a 3 or 4 day period.The deep, salty seaWater on Earth is in constant, large-scale movement: sea water evaporates into the air and condenses into clouds. The clouds shower rain on the ground. The water drops drain to puddles, ponds, and rivers, and rivers, as we know, eventually flow into the sea. But evaporated water is, of course, fresh water; salt is …Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received …Jun 8, 2015 · How is it that we didn't know why the ocean was salty until 1979? National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Bob Ballard explains why such a basic question re... Dec 1, 2023 ... Many Quora users have also answered why the sea and ocean water is salty. One of them explained that the salt in the ocean comes from a few ...Jun 22, 2015 · The ocean’s chemistry (including its salinity) is due to the weird and wonderful workings of hydrothermal vents . Hydrothermal vents eject chemicals from deep beneath the Earth’s surface to the surrounding seawater. In particular, Ballard points to beautiful “ black smokers ,” a type of hydrothermal vent that ejects what looks like ... Do not use table salt, as it contains additives that may irritate your gums. It’s best to use sea salt, which is natural and contains minerals that promote healing. Next, tilt your head back and take a small sip of the salt water, making sure it covers the affected area in your mouth. Swish the water around for about 30 seconds to 1 minute ...When it comes to maintaining the quality of your home’s water supply, investing in a water softener system is a wise decision. And if you’ve already taken that step, you know that ...Isolated bodies of water can become extra salty, or hypersaline, through evaporation. The Dead Sea is an example of this. Its high salt content increases the water's density, which is why people ...Sea water is salty because it contains a high concentration of dissolved mineral salts deposited in the rivers that flow into the oceans and seas. To be more precise, it contains approximately 35 grams of salt per liter of water. These mineral salts are the result of the erosion of the rocks deposited in the sea over the years, causing it to ...The salty taste of softened water can be caused by excessive sodium content in the water. A high level of magnesium and calcium in the water can also cause a salty taste. It’s possible that the water softener system has not been properly maintained, resulting in an accumulation of minerals in the softened water.brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride). Natural brines occur underground, in salt lakes, or as seawater and are commercially important sources of common salt and other salts, such as chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and potassium. Brine is used as a preservative in meat-packing ... Sea water is salty because it contains a large amount of salt dissolved in it. The salt present in ocean water is mainly sodium chloride, or the common salt we consume. The salts enter the ocean through rivers, which pass over rocks and soil, picking up salt along the way, has made the seawater salty. Water evaporates from the oceans to fall ... Geologists (who study rocks and soil) figured out that most of the rocks and soil contain tiny amounts of salt, and when the rainwater touches the ground, it ...Sep 17, 2012 · But why is the ocean salty? Ocean water contains lots of different mineral salts: sodium, chloride, sulfate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonate and bromide. The most common reasons for a salty mouth include: 1. Dehydration. Your saliva (spit) naturally contains a small amount of salt. But when you’re not well hydrated, the salt in your saliva ... Jul 22, 2022 · Salty sea water won't quench your thirst, and drinking too much can even lead to death by dehydration. But if saltwater is still water, why can't we drink it? The answer to that question is ... Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received …Oct 9, 2019 ... The salinity of the sea isn't the same everywhere. In warmer, tropical areas, more evaporation occurs, so the water is saltier. Towards the ...Aug 7, 2023 · While these numbers are staggering, the amount of sodium you lose during a 30-minute workout is far less significant. So, drinking a glass of water with some salt can be beneficial if you've been ... Some who pass by it might see brine shrimp harvesting boats on the water or salt processing factories on the shore. Others might notice the lake's trademark "rotten egg" smell — mainly hydrogen sulfide emitted from the lake's salt-loving bacteria. ... contributing to its high salinity and status as one of the saltiest waterbodies in the world ...The Black Sea is a saltwater sea, but it is of lesser salinity than the oceans. The salinity of the Black Sea's surface waters averages between 17 and 18 parts per thousand, which is approximately half that of the oceans. A marked increase in salinity, up to 21 parts per thousand, occurs in the Black Sea at depths of roughly 160 to 500 feet (50 ...Indapamide: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus Indapamide, a 'water pill,' is used to reduce the swelling and fluid retention caused by ...May 25, 2015 ... The ocean is salty, but most lakes and rivers are not. Why is this? Get 15% off http://www.domain.com's s domain names and web hosting when ...Yes you need to strain the pasta—and toss it with sauce—but a few tablespoons of starchy, salty pasta water is a magic elixir. Add it to your sauce if you need to thin the sauce or simply need a little more volume of sauce. It's a chef's secret to making your pasta taste like a restaurant-quality main dish. Updated by. Victoria Spencer.May 29, 2023 · Yes, it is! Salt water, which is also an alkaline water, is rich in minerals like magnesium, zinc, iron and potassium. These minerals can help reduce inflammation, protect our skin and heal any scrapes, cuts or sores. Salt water can also help enhance the flow of lymph fluid, which can reduce the appearance of cellulite. For water as salty as it can get, that’s -21°C. When you put salt on ice it will melt some of the ice but only if the temperature is above -21°C. So at any temperature where fully salty water will freeze, salt won’t melt any ice. Now if you have slightly salty water, it will start to freeze just a little below 0°C.If salt water gets into supply lines, it can corrode pipes and produce toxic disinfection by-products in water treatment plants. Seawater intrusion reduces the life span of roads, bridges and ...Anyone who has tasted seawater will know that it's incredibly salty – it actually has an average salt content of around 3.5%. Some of the salt in the sea ...Drinking seawater can be deadly to humans. One of the instruments scientists can use to measure salinity is a CTD rosette, which measures the Conductivity (salinity), Temperature, and Depth of the water column. Seawater contains salt. When humans drink seawater, their cells are thus taking in water and salt. While humans can …What do vegetable oil, corn and salt water have in common? They're all potential fuel sources for our cars. See how much you know about the next generation of biofuels in our Biofu...For water as salty as it can get, that’s -21°C. When you put salt on ice it will melt some of the ice but only if the temperature is above -21°C. So at any temperature where fully salty water will freeze, salt won’t melt any ice. Now if you have slightly salty water, it will start to freeze just a little below 0°C.Jan 19, 2017 ... In Hindu mythology, the powerful sage Agastya slurps up the sea and then spews or urinates it out, making it salty. Why ... Well, the water in our oceans is salty due to two separate sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. The main cause for salt in the sea (or ocean salinity) is rain washing mineral ions from land into the water. This refers to the acidity of rainwater – when rain falls, it wears down and erodes rocks. Dec 1, 2023 ... Many Quora users have also answered why the sea and ocean water is salty. One of them explained that the salt in the ocean comes from a few ...Salinity is controlled by processes of concentration and dilution. Evaporation removes water vapor from the sea surface, but the salt remains resulting on an increase in salinity. Meanwhile, precipitation and river runoff flux into the ocean dilutes the salt resulting in lower surface salinities.The salty taste of softened water can be caused by excessive sodium content in the water. A high level of magnesium and calcium in the water can also cause a salty taste. It’s possible that the water softener system has not been properly maintained, resulting in an accumulation of minerals in the softened water.Salt lowers the freezing point of water via freezing point depression.Among other processes, the ions from the salt get in the way of water molecules aligning to crystallize into ice. When salted ice melts, the water can't refreeze as readily because the saline isn't pure water anymore and because the freezing point is colder.The saltiness level in parts per million (ppm) of ocean water compared with freshwater and tears is:. Seawater or ocean water – 35,000 ppm. Tears – 9,000 ppm. Freshwater – under 1,000 ppm. You can prevent saltwater from burning your eyes by wearing swim goggles or a dive mask while swimming in saltwater. This is a good …The salinity (saltiness) of the ocean is about 35 parts per thousand. This means that in every liter of water, there are 35 grams of salt, or about 3.5 percent of the weight of sea water comes from salts. The salinity of the ocean remains fairly constant over time. It does differ slightly in different areas, though. Salty water is denser than fresh water, and as a result your body displaces less water and you float higher, “like a cork.” When the lake surface is at an elevation of 4,200 feet, the south arm brine contains around 12 percent salt, making it sufficiently salty for most people to float with little effort. Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or ...In the beginning, the primeval seas were probably only slightly salty. But over time, as rain fell to the Earth and ran over the land, breaking up rocks and …Anyone who has experienced some soreness from a workout or a bad night’s sleep can tell you what Epsom salt is — and how much it helped. It’s not exactly table salt, even though so...With a salinity of 342 g/kg, or 34.2% (in 2011), it is one of the world's saltiest bodies of water – 9.6 times as salty as the ocean – and has a density of 1.24 kg/litre, which makes swimming similar to floating. This salinity makes for a harsh environment in which plants and animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea's main ... The most common reasons for a salty mouth include: 1. Dehydration. Your saliva (spit) naturally contains a small amount of salt. But when you’re not well hydrated, the salt in your saliva ... People tend to experience salty sweat more when they are performing higher-intensity exercise in a hot environment for a longer duration, says Pryor. That’s why you might notice it more on a run ...For water as salty as it can get, that’s -21°C. When you put salt on ice it will melt some of the ice but only if the temperature is above -21°C. So at any temperature where fully salty water will freeze, salt won’t melt any ice. Now if you have slightly salty water, it will start to freeze just a little below 0°C.What do vegetable oil, corn and salt water have in common? They're all potential fuel sources for our cars. See how much you know about the next generation of biofuels in our Biofu...How it’s made. Mix about 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of salt to every 8 ounces of water. The water may be best warm, since warmth can be more relieving to a sore throat than cold. It’s also generally ...Aug 7, 2023 · While these numbers are staggering, the amount of sodium you lose during a 30-minute workout is far less significant. So, drinking a glass of water with some salt can be beneficial if you've been ... If salt water gets into supply lines, it can corrode pipes and produce toxic disinfection by-products in water treatment plants. Seawater intrusion reduces the life span of roads, bridges and ...Introduction. It is commonly held that there are five basic tastes—sweet, sour, bitter, umami (savory) and salty. Common table salt (NaCl) is perceived as “salty”, of course, yet dilute solutions also elicit sourness, sweetness, and bitterness under certain situations [ 4 ]. This is a troubling phenomenon because so-called basic tastes ...The National Weather Service says the Red Sea has the saltiest ocean water with a salinity level of about 40‰, which is due to the region's high evaporation rate. Is swallowing salt water... Sodium is a naturally occurring mineral and is found in almost everything you consume—from apples and almonds to water and milk. And while sodium is used to soften water, one of the biggest misconceptions is that it makes your softened water taste salty. Luckily, that’s not the case. This article dispels that common myth and provides a ... seawater, water that makes up the oceans and seas, covering more than 70 percent of Earth ’s surface. Seawater is a complex mixture of 96.5 percent water, 2.5 percent salts, and smaller amounts of other substances, including dissolved inorganic and organic materials, particulates, and a few atmospheric gases. Seawater constitutes a rich ... Bio. The Mediterranean sea is saltwater and is one of the seas with the highest salinity, with 38 grams of salt per liter. This high salinity is due to the fact that the Mediterranean Sea loses three times more water through evaporation than the Freshwater it receives from the rivers that flow into it. Salt in the ocean can come from different ...Salt water taffy, contrary to what I believed as a kid, contains no saltwater from the ocean. In fact, my preferred salt water taffy, from Shriver’s in Ocean City, New Jersey, contains no salt ...Every year, 2.2 million tons (1,814, 369 metric tons) of salt flows into Great Salt Lake from tributary rivers, according to USGS. “This accumulation of minerals and no outlet to the ocean ...While 3.5 percent of Earth’s ocean is salt, freshwater added to the ocean dilutes salinity values. For example, strong rains across the equatorial Pacific from South American to Indonesia form a band of low salinity water. But warm areas with much evaporation and little precipitation increase salinity. So the atmosphere and ocean …Since our body can’t produce urine that is saltier than our blood, and typical ocean water has three times the salt of our blood, our kidneys would actually need to produce a greater volume of ...You guessed it! Because ocean water is too salty to drink. We know that sea water is salty—but do you know why? Let’s WONDER together! Our planet is made of about 70% water, and 97% of that water is salty. All …If your hot water tastes salty, it’s most likely because someone used the hot water when there was excess salt coming out of the water softener. The water sits in the tank and the salt gets into the water. Once you’ve used enough water, the salt will be flushed out of your pipes, and you won’t have salty water.pounds of salt, but 1 cubic foot of fresh water from Lake Michigan contains only one one-hun­ dredth (0.01) of a pound of salt, or about one­ sixth of an ounce. Thus, sea water is 220 times saltier than the fresh lake water. What arouses the scientist's curiosity is not so much why the ocean is salty, but why it isn'tEver heard anyone say, "He swears like a sailor"? Why do sailors get singled out for being extra-profane? Because there's a long, colorful history behind it. Advertisement There's ...In the interior of each convection cell, where low-salinity water flows upward, the salt crust grows more slowly because it is in contact with less-salty water. In contrast, at the cell boundaries located directly above the downwelling sheets, a higher flux of salt flows upward into the crust. As a result, narrow ridges grow rapidly and build ...Why is the ocean salty? Ocean salinity explained, plus the world's saltiest ocean. Clare Mulroy. USA TODAY. 0:00. 1:00. There’s nothing quite like taking a dip in …Indapamide: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus Indapamide, a 'water pill,' is used to reduce the swelling and fluid retention caused by ...Mar 14, 2017 ... Oh, rocks erode and minerals flow to the ocean where they have nowhere to go. These minerals stay dissolved in the sea where they taste salty to ...Salt in the sea, or ocean salinity, is mainly caused by rain washing mineral ions from the land into water. Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves into rainwater, making it slightly acidic. When rain falls, it weathers …Feb 12, 2021 ... Ocean water seeps into cracks in the seafloor and is heated by magma from the Earth's core. The heat causes a series of chemical reactions. The ...Jul 20, 2023 · Emily Lachtrupp, M.S., RD. In the summer heat, it's important to stay quenched by drinking water and incorporating hydrating foods into your meals. But you may have seen the recent social media trend where influencers are adding salt to their water and claiming that it helps quench their thirst and stay hydrated for longer. Jun 22, 2015 · The ocean’s chemistry (including its salinity) is due to the weird and wonderful workings of hydrothermal vents . Hydrothermal vents eject chemicals from deep beneath the Earth’s surface to the surrounding seawater. In particular, Ballard points to beautiful “ black smokers ,” a type of hydrothermal vent that ejects what looks like ... In a saltwater tank, when there is evaporation, the salinity level goes up because freshwater leaves the tank into the air. This is also really important to pay attention to. Sometimes the salinity level will increase because of this. In this case, add more freshwater based on your salinity readings. Having a tropical fish tank is an exciting ... Well, the water in our oceans is salty due to two separate sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. The main cause for salt in the sea (or ocean salinity) is rain washing mineral ions from land into the water. This refers to the acidity of rainwater – when rain falls, it wears down and erodes rocks. When scientists measure salt in water, they usually say they are testing the salinity of the water: salinity is measured in parts per thousand or ppt. Most sea water is about 35 ppt salt. Salt lakes can be up to ten times as salty. Above that level precipitation creates a salt plain. Brackish water, in contrast, is less salty than seawater.Sea salt consists mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl). Therefore, this approximation should be OK. Mixing of salt and water. The salt in the sea water 'moves together' with the water. Thus, when warm water flows from the equator to the poles it transports salt to the poles. At the poles water cools down and sinks (together with salt).The saltiness level in parts per million (ppm) of ocean water compared with freshwater and tears is:. Seawater or ocean water – 35,000 ppm. Tears – 9,000 ppm. Freshwater – under 1,000 ppm. You can prevent saltwater from burning your eyes by wearing swim goggles or a dive mask while swimming in saltwater. This is a good …The National Weather Service says the Red Sea has the saltiest ocean water with a salinity level of about 40‰, which is due to the region's high evaporation rate. Is swallowing salt water...Jul 31, 2019 ... The simple answer is: salt comes from rocks on land. It all boils down to the water cycle! The rain that falls on land is slightly acidic and ...Nov 30, 2018 · Icebergs form from a variety of processes, yet even though they may be found floating in salty seawater, they are primarily made of freshwater. Icebergs form as a result of two main processes, producing a freshwater iceberg: Ice that forms from freezing seawater typically freezes slowly enough that it forms crystalline water (ice), which does ... The water of the oceans is salty as it contains large amount of dissolved salts. Was this answer helpful?The Dead Sea is almost 10 times saltier than the ocean because of its lack of adequate drainage. It, and the other salty seas such as the Great Salt Lake and the Salton Sea, receiv...In nature, this effect is known as a “halocline”. When a river of freshwater meets the ocean, the fresh water flows on top of the salty water, until forces like wind and waves mix them together. Let’s see what happens when we put fresh water on the bottom and salt water on top. Repeat Steps 3-4, this time placing the jar of salt water on top.Jan 9, 2024 ... The ocean is salty because of dissolved salts and minerals that are carried into it through rivers. Rainwater picks up these salts from rocks ...Jun 9, 2023 ... And part of what's dissolved is sodium and chlorine. And that's why the oceans are salty, because the sodium and chlorine end up in the oceans, ...When sea water evaporates the salt is left behind because salt is too heavy to become vapour. Thus ocean water remains salty. More fresh and sea water ...The salinity (saltiness) of the ocean is about 35 parts per thousand. This means that in every liter of water, there are 35 grams of salt, or about 3.5 percent of the weight of sea water comes from salts. The salinity of the ocean remains fairly constant over time. It does differ slightly in different areas, though.The saltiness level in parts per million (ppm) of ocean water compared with freshwater and tears is:. Seawater or ocean water – 35,000 ppm. Tears – 9,000 ppm. Freshwater – under 1,000 ppm. You can prevent saltwater from burning your eyes by wearing swim goggles or a dive mask while swimming in saltwater. This is a good …

Ocean water contains dissolved salt substances which make it saline. These are soluble compounds of potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, and bicarbonate. The ocean is about 97% salt. This means salinity is almost steady and that it cannot go beyond that percentage. Salts was deposited in the ocean through various ways over billions of …. How to get rid of a stump in 2 3 days

why is salt water salty

When the groundwater is hypersaline (in excess of the tidal water salinity), tidal flooding could remove salt from the shallow soil layer via salt diffusion across the sediment surface (Moffett, Robinson, & Gorelick, 2010; Morris, 1995) as well as from salt fingers that penetrate into the deep sediments (Shen et al., 2016, 2018).The ocean’s high salinity comes from two main sources: runoff from the land and openings in the seafloor. As far removed as rocks on land may seem from the ocean, they influence the ocean’s chemical composition, which includes its saltiness. Rocks contribute so much dissolved salts to the ocean as a result of regular rains.#2: Match salinity when mixing new salt water. Of course, any replacement salt water you use for water changes must be of the exact same salinity as the dirty water you’re removing. But don’t rely on the measurement you get immediately after mixing new salt water. Let the water sit at least overnight while it’s being heated (to match the ...While 3.5 percent of Earth’s ocean is salt, freshwater added to the ocean dilutes salinity values. For example, strong rains across the equatorial Pacific from South American to Indonesia form a band of low salinity water. But warm areas with much evaporation and little precipitation increase salinity. So the atmosphere and ocean …If your hot water tastes salty, it’s most likely because someone used the hot water when there was excess salt coming out of the water softener. The water sits in the tank and the salt gets into the water. Once you’ve used enough water, the salt will be flushed out of your pipes, and you won’t have salty water.Salt can be clear, transparent, opaque or metallic. It can be sweet, savory, bitter, salty or sour in taste. Pure salt is completely free of odor. Salts can be clear, orange, blue,...According to the Shout Slogans website, a catchy slogan for sodium is “Sodium, unlike Na-thing else.” This is a good slogan because it references sodium’s molecular formula, Na. An...brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride). Natural brines occur underground, in salt lakes, or as seawater and are commercially important sources of common salt and other salts, such as chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and potassium. Brine is used as a preservative in meat-packing ...Jul 20, 2023 · Emily Lachtrupp, M.S., RD. In the summer heat, it's important to stay quenched by drinking water and incorporating hydrating foods into your meals. But you may have seen the recent social media trend where influencers are adding salt to their water and claiming that it helps quench their thirst and stay hydrated for longer. The recharge will take about 2 ½ hours. After the system finishes, check a softened cold water faucet for a salty or odd taste. If the salty taste is gone, great work you did it! If the salty taste is still there, the Distributor O-ring Kit most likely needs replaced.The Black Sea is a saltwater sea, but it is of lesser salinity than the oceans. The salinity of the Black Sea's surface waters averages between 17 and 18 parts per thousand, which is approximately half that of the oceans. A marked increase in salinity, up to 21 parts per thousand, occurs in the Black Sea at depths of roughly 160 to 500 feet (50 ...Oct 19, 2023 · How is it that we didn't know why the ocean was salty until 1979? National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence Bob Ballard explains why such a basic question remained a mystery for so long—and where his team finally found the answer. Feb 28, 2017 · It is estimated there is enough salt in the world’s oceans to cover all the planet’s land surfaces with a layer about 40 stories thick. But seawater wasn’t always so salty; when the Earth ... If your hot water tastes salty, it’s most likely because someone used the hot water when there was excess salt coming out of the water softener. The water sits in the tank and the salt gets into the water. Once you’ve used enough water, the salt will be flushed out of your pipes, and you won’t have salty water.Brackish water—20 ppt. Brackish water is less salty than seawater, but it is more salty than fresh water. · Salt water—35 ppt. Seawater ranges in salinity from ...Great Salt Lake is salty because it does not have an outlet. Tributary rivers are constantly bringing in small amounts of salt dissolved in their fresh water flow. ... Once in the Great Salt Lake much of the water evaporates leaving the salt behind. Great Salt Lake is the remnant of Lake Bonneville; a great ice age lake that rose dramatically ...The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid. The more salt (or any solute) added to water, the more you raise the boiling point. The phenomenon depends on the number of particles formed in the solution. Freezing point depression is another colligative property that works the …brine, salt water, particularly a highly concentrated water solution of common salt (sodium chloride). Natural brines occur underground, in salt lakes, or as seawater and are commercially important sources of common salt and other salts, such as chlorides and sulfates of magnesium and potassium. Brine is used as a preservative in meat-packing ...Yes, it is! Salt water, which is also an alkaline water, is rich in minerals like magnesium, zinc, iron and potassium. These minerals can help reduce inflammation, protect our skin and heal any scrapes, cuts or sores. Salt water can also help enhance the flow of lymph fluid, which can reduce the appearance of cellulite..

Popular Topics